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In the countryside outside the city, a particular kind of Croatian Chakavian dialect with many Italian and Venetian words was spoken. The official languages in use were Italian, Hungarian, and German most of the business correspondence was carried out in Italian, while most families spoke a local dialect, a blend of Venetian with a few words of Croatian. The special status of the city, being placed between different states, created a local identity among the majority of the population. National affiliations changed from census to census, as at that time "nationality" was defined mostly by the language a person spoke. In the 19th century, the city was populated mostly by Italians, and as minorities by Croats and Hungarians, and other ethnicities. Until 1924, Fiume existed for practical purposes as an autonomous entity with elements of statehood. Fiume's status as an exclave of Hungary meant that, despite being landlocked, the Kingdom had a port.
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The city briefly lost its autonomy in 1848 after being occupied by the Croatian ban (viceroy) Josip Jelačić, but regained it in 1868 when it rejoined the Kingdom of Hungary, again as a corpus separatum. In 1776, during the reign of the Empress Maria Theresa, the city was transferred to the Kingdom of Hungary and in 1779 gained the status of corpus separatum within that Kingdom.
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#Free flume free free#
Its territory of 28 km 2 (11 sq mi) comprised the city of Fiume (today Rijeka, Croatia) and rural areas to its north, with a corridor to its west connecting it to the Kingdom of Italy.įiume gained autonomy for the first time in 1719 when it was proclaimed a free port of the Holy Roman Empire in a decree issued by the Emperor Charles VI. The Free State of Fiume ( pronounced ) was an independent free state that existed between 19.